Learning of interval and general type-2 fuzzy logic systems using simulated annealing: theory and practice

This paper reports the use of simulated annealing to design more efficient fuzzy logic systems to model problems with associated uncertainties. Simulated annealing is used within this work as a method for learning the best configurations of interval and gen- eral type-2 fuzzy logic systems to maximize their modeling ability. The combination of simulated annealing with these models is presented in the modeling of four bench- mark problems including real-world problems. The type-2 fuzzy logic system models are compared in their ability to model uncertainties associated with these problems. Issues related to this combination between simulated annealing and fuzzy logic sys- tems, including type-2 fuzzy logic systems, are discussed. The results demonstrate that learning the third dimension in type-2 fuzzy sets with a deterministic defuzzifier can add more capability to modeling than interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems. This finding can be seen as an important advance in type-2 fuzzy logic systems research and should increase the level of interest in the modeling applications of general type-2 fuzzy logic systems, despite their greater computational load

Robust indoor speaker recognition in a network of audio and video sensors

AbstractSituational awareness is achieved naturally by the human senses of sight and hearing in combination. Automatic scene understanding aims at replicating this human ability using microphones and cameras in cooperation. In this paper, audio and video signals are fused and integrated at different levels of semantic abstractions. We detect and track a speaker who is relatively unconstrained, i.e., free to move indoors within an area larger than the comparable reported work, which is usually limited to round table meetings. The system is relatively simple: consisting of just 4 microphone pairs and a single camera. Results show that the overall multimodal tracker is more reliable than single modality systems, tolerating large occlusions and cross-talk. System evaluation is performed on both single and multi-modality tracking. The performance improvement given by the audio–video integration and fusion is quantified in terms of tracking precision and accuracy as well as speaker diarisation error rate and precision–recall (recognition). Improvements vs. the closest works are evaluated: 56% sound source localisation computational cost over an audio only system, 8% speaker diarisation error rate over an audio only speaker recognition unit and 36% on the precision–recall metric over an audio–video dominant speaker recognition method

Structure and tectonic history of Lewisian gneiss, Isle of Barra

The Lewisian of Barra has been found to comprise foliated orthogeneisses ranging; in composition from basic amphibolites, pyroxene and hornblende granulites and intermediate amphibole-bearing quartzo-feldspathic rooks to more acid gneisses of dioritic and granitic composition. It includes some inter-foliated acid rocks which may be paragneisses. The whole complex is cut by the Hebridean Thrust and the petrography of some strongly magnetic gneisses associated with the Thrust belt has also been described. The gneisses were intruded at an early stage by basic dykes, represented by rooks ranging from amphibolites to pyroxene granulite in composition. Cross-cutting relationships between Lewisian dykes and rectilinear quartzo-feldspathic pegmatite veins consider to have been injected along axial planes of folds are used to relate the phases of dyke instrusion and migmatization to the overall tootonic sequence. Structural analysis has been carried out on planner and linear fabric date recorded on a base map on the scale of 1:0, 560, from thin section and also from the attitudes of structural elements recorded from selected localities in which the structure is particularly well exposed. Data recorded on the map have been considered separately from the following areas; the total area mapped; areas on each side of the main Thrust outcrop; areas exposing large scale structures; several small areas defined by an arbitrarily located grid to the west of the main thrust outcrop. Form the results of the structural analysis and from consideration of structural relationship in the field a tectonic sequence has been determined. The first recognizable event after the formation of the original banding was the development of isoclinal folding, followed by regional metamorphism in the amphibolites facies and succeeded in turn by the emplacement of basic to intermediate intrusions. Three successive phases of intrusion hive been recognized here. Next, folding took place on axes now trending at 30°followed by boudinage and agmatite formation and three further phases of basic intrusions. Part of the overthrust sheet exposed on the east coast was then subjected to regional metamorphism up to pyroxene granulite grade. Movement on the Hebridean thrust probably began soon after this, end asymmetrical folding about axes now plunging to 350 °established the present general orientation of the foliation and produced axial planar traces which trend south-east. The gneisses were then folded about sub-horizontal axes trending at to 150°, prior to strong folding about sub-horizontal axes trending at 100 °which resulted in the present dominant fold pattern. Finally, very open folding took place about 60 °trending axes. Except during the last fold period, migmatization was associated with all the folding and followed by pegmatite injection parallel to fold axial planes. Style has not been found to be a reliable guide to the chronological classification of folds. Open signoidal tension gashes related to the thrusting indicate that this movement continued after the final folding, and show the trusting to have beta directed to the west at an angle of elevation of between 5°and 10°, A comparison on has been wade between the structure of this area and that discussed in some published work on the Lewisian elsewhere in the Outer Isles and the Scottish Mainland. The petrogrphy and metamorphism of six phases of Lewisian dyke intrusives have been studied, and various possible mechanisms to account for dyke reorientation by sheer have boon examined in conjunction with the field relationships of these bodies. It is concluded that the intrusives have not been substantially reorientated with respect to the foliation since their emplacement a discussion is presented on the effects of ana texis on basic, intermediate and acid, gneisses, on the employment of quartzo-feldspathic pegmatite veins, and on the formation of boudinage and agmatite. Three relative ages of pegmatites have been distinguished early coarse quartzo-feldspathic pegmatites with dark feldspars, later pink quartzo-feldspathic pegmatites and late white quartzosc pegmatites

Towards automation of chemical process route selection based on data mining

A methodology for chemical routes development and evaluation on the basis of data-mining is presented.This work was in part funded by EPSRC project “Terpene-based manufacturing for sustainable chemical feedstocks” EP/K014889

Towards automation of chemical process route selection based on data mining

A methodology for chemical routes development and evaluation on the basis of data-mining is presented. A section of the Reaxys database was converted into a network, which was used to plan hypothetical synthesis routes to convert a bio-waste feedstock, limonene, to a bulk intermediate, benzoic acid. The route evaluation considered process conditions and used multiple indicators, including exergy, E-factor, solvent score, reaction reliability and route redox efficiency, in a multi-criteria environmental sustainability evaluation. The proposed methodology is the first route evaluation based on data mining, explicitly using reaction conditions, and is amenable to full automation.This work was in part funded by EPSRC project “Terpene-based manufacturing for sustainable chemical feedstocks” EP/K014889

Location prediction based on a sector snapshot for location-based services

In location-based services (LBSs), the service is provided based on the users' locations through location determination and mobility realization. Most of the current location prediction research is focused on generalized location models, where the geographic extent is divided into regular-shaped cells. These models are not suitable for certain LBSs where the objectives are to compute and present on-road services. Such techniques are the new Markov-based mobility prediction (NMMP) and prediction location model (PLM) that deal with inner cell structure and different levels of prediction, respectively. The NMMP and PLM techniques suffer from complex computation, accuracy rate regression, and insufficient accuracy. In this paper, a novel cell splitting algorithm is proposed. Also, a new prediction technique is introduced. The cell splitting is universal so it can be applied to all types of cells. Meanwhile, this algorithm is implemented to the Micro cell in parallel with the new prediction technique. The prediction technique, compared with two classic prediction techniques and the experimental results, show the effectiveness and robustness of the new splitting algorithm and prediction technique